Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) occurs when nerves or blood vessels in the neck and upper chest become compressed. This can cause pain, numbness, tingling, and other symptoms in the upper body.

The thoracic outlet is a passageway between the neck and chest that contains the brachial plexus (nerves), subclavian artery, and subclavian vein. When this passageway becomes narrow due to anatomical variations or injuries, these structures can be compressed.

Common types of TOS include:

• Neurogenic TOS: Compression of the brachial plexus, the most common type.
• Venous TOS: Compression of the subclavian vein, more common in men.
• Arterial TOS: Compression of the subclavian artery, the rarest type.

Symptoms of TOS typically affect one side of the upper body and may include:

• Pain, especially when lifting the arm.
• Tingling or numbness.
• Weakness.
• Swelling or heaviness.
• Skin color changes (pale or blue).
• Cool skin.
• Slow-healing sores.